We use high-density silicon probes in the hippocampus and related circuits to record from single neurons and monitor the local field potential dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution. When combined with optogenetics, we can “tag” neurons to achieve cell-type specific recordings as mice navigate a cue-rich treadmill while head-fixed or during restraint-free behavior. Optogenetics also enables us to study how specific cells within and outside of the hippocampus control important LFP dynamics, including theta and sharp-wave ripples. We use a variety of electrode layouts, including Neuropixel probes, to cover a range of research questions.

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The hippocampal circuits that store and recall spatial information are comprised of diverse cell types, each exhibiting distinct dynamics and complex patterns of synaptic connectivity. Thus, even highly specific experimental perturbations of a single component of these neuronal circuits can have counterintuitive effects on their internal dynamics and output. Computational modeling offers experimentalists a framework to integrate their knowledge, make explicit the assumptions of their conceptual models, and quantitatively predict how each element of a neuronal network is expected to respond to cell type- or projection-specific perturbations. In the Soltesz lab we build computational models in close collaboration with experimentalists, both in the lab, across Stanford, and at other institutions through a multi-site NIH BRAIN Initiative collaboration. Our large-scale network models of the hippocampus are continuously refined to incorporate newly obtained experimental constraints, and numerical simulations are carried out to test hypotheses, compare candidate biophysical and network mechanisms for memory storage and recall, and aide in the interpretation of physiological and behavioral experimental data. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to obtain a deep conceptual understanding of the cellular and network mechanisms that mediate “memory replay” events called sharp-wave ripples by simulating a large-scale model of the hippocampus that reproduces for the observed firing properties of all cell types during sharp-waves.

Lab Members